A Three-Parameter Hydrological Model for Monthly Runoff Simulation—A Case Study of Upper Hanjiang River Basin

Monthly hydrological models are useful tools for runoff simulation and prediction. This study proposes a three-parameter monthly model based on the proportionality hypothesis (TMPH) applies to Upper Hanjiang River Basin (UHRB) in China. Two major modules involved TMPH: actual evapotranspiration runoff, which coupled water–energy balance equation used calculation, respectively. It is worth mentioning that was extended partitioning of available water into loss at scale, demonstrates ratio its potential value equal continuing value. Results demonstrate TMPH performs well when NSE values 0.79 0.83, KGE 0.86 0.78 calibration period validation period, The widely two-parameter (TWBM) ABCD compared with proposed model. show better than TWBM increased by 0.07 0.11, 0.02 0.16, respectively, whereas similarly as slightly 0.02, 0.03. Sensitivity analysis result most sensitive parameter n, followed SC λ. In summary, has strong applicability area.